Mapping. Mapping procedure, interpolation, interpolation parameters, linear interpolation in 3D. Mapping techniques: colored, specular, illuminated, transparent, Displacement, Bump, normal. Photographic texture. Stylized texture. Texture resolution. Tilling maps. Graffiti and dirty maps. Map projections: straight, cylindrical and spherical. UV coordinates: implicit and explicit. Textures with pole. 3D mapping. Colors, RGB model. Basic and subtractive colors. Tint, saturation and color intensity. The color of the light and the colors are superficial. Color Scheme. Contrast color, complementary colors. Warm and cold colors. Color balance. Color temperature. Light. Definitions: light, lighting, shading. Light types: ambient, directional, Spot, Spotlight, Area light, Volume light. Shading. Light components. Models of reflection: ideal, imperfect, ideal diffusion. Phong's reflection model. Visualization and light measurement. White, colored, tinted light. Light and water relations, caustic. Basic components of light source: position and orientation, color and intensity, decrease in intensity, shadow. Lighting the scene: Key light, Fill light, Kick and Rim light. Position lights on the scene. Camera. 3D view and synthetic camera. Synthetic camera features: position, orientation, view type, depth of view, focus distance, flat film. Types of cameras in 3D sofver: Target and Free. Viewing control (camera position), lens types, blur. Types of photos. Basics of rendering. Shadow, its visualization, spatial relations. Composition of shadows and contrasts. Shadow Algorithms: Depth map and Raytraced.