The purpose and importance of modeling and optimization of the material removal processes. Critical assessment of the relevant modeling techniques and their applicability and/or limitations for the prediction of the complex machining operations performed in industry. Two-stage modeling approach of fundamental outputs performances of machining processes. Analytical, empirical, numerical and hybrid modeling methods. Modeling methods based on artificial intelligence and nature inspired methods. Capabilities and limitations of different modeling approaches. Current state-of-the-art in modeling of machining processes. Traditional optimization algorithms (conventional methods). Non-traditional optimization algorithms (non-conventional methods). Capabilities and limitations of different optimization approaches. Current state-of-the-art in optimization of machining processes. Practical examples of modeling and optimization of the machining processes.