Energy needs of the driving cycle and influential parameters of the vehicle. Primary energy sources and their basic characteristics. Using resources and the conversion stage of the form of energy from the primary energy source to the drive point. Standard driving cycles. Elements and configurations of modern and alternative propulsion systems of vehicles. Electric, hydraulic, pneumatic and hybrid drive. Systems for storage of primary source of propulsion power on-board and off-road. Recuperative systems: electric, mechanical, hydraulic / pneumatic. Comparative characteristics of different propulsion concepts. Impact of the drive system on the performance of the vehicle. Management of alternative propulsion systems. Simulation and modeling of drive systems and analysis of vehicle performance in standard driving cycles. Strategies and measures for optimizing energy consumption in motor vehicles.