Perception and understanding of space. Pattern recognition. Depth cues in the image. Interpretation of the theory of spatial relations. Development of perspective. Characteristics and causes of perspective theories depending on the historical circumstances and the leading art and research trends. Space and images. Abstraction. Linear, multicentar perspective projection and panoramas. CP ambiguity. Planar and spatial illusion. Perspective on photography. Structure, optical center position, deformation. CP restitution. Application - Analysis of paintings, virtual reconstruction and the insertion of 3D models of the CP. Geometry. Navigation and modeling based on multiple CP. Three-dimensional images. The spatial visualization of geometric objects in CP. The central projection of basic geometric forms (points, lines, plane). Image elements for the direct detection of metric properties. The criteria for the direct detection of spatial relationships of objects. The concepts of visibility. Application to more complex forms and visualization of complex 3D geometric structure in CP. Viewing angle and setting of CP parametars. Analysis of the structures applicable to engineering animation. The visual realism of the PS. Shadows. Mirrors. Central and parallel lighting. The interpretation of light in PS. The characteristic elements of light rays for direct determination of shadows in PS. The images in horizontal, vertical and diagonal mirrors.