Analysis of separation process requirements. Classification and properties of dispersion systems. Separation of binary and multicomponent homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. Classification of separation processes according to the driving force, energy consumption and other criteria. Special emphasis on the application of separation processes on concrete examples in energy and process technology. Traditional separation processes: sedimentation, centrifugation, filtration, rectification, crystallization... Membrane separation processes: microfiltration, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, pervaporation, membrane distillation...Possibilities of replacement of traditional separation processes with membrane processes in order to achieve energy savings, health and safety protection at work, as well as environmental protection.