Electromagnetic spectrum. Classification of radio and microwaves. Electromagnetic radiation and human health. Maxwell's theory of electromagnetic waves in the time and complex (frequency) domains. Propagation of electromagnetic waves in lossless and lossy media (propagation constant, attenuation constant, wave impedance, skin depth). TEM, TM, TE and hybrid waves. Energy and power. Poynting vector. Specific absorption rate–SAR. Polarization of electromagnetic waves. Reflection and transmission. Standing electromagnetic wave. Phenomena of resonance. Basics of resonant circuits (series and parallel resonant circuits, unloaded and loaded quality factors, half power bandwidth). Transmission lines (telegrapher's equations, propagation constant, characteristic and input impedances, standing wave ratio–SWR, phase and group velocity). Lossless transmission lines. Distortionless transmission lines. Quarter wave impedance transformer. Junction of two transmission lines with different characteristic impedances (return loss and insertion loss). Generator matched to loaded line for maximum power transfer. Conjugate matching. Coaxial transmission line. Planar transmission lines (microstrip and stripline). Waveguides. Basic theory of receiving and transmitting antennas. Medical applications of microwave antennas. Properties of tissues at RF and microwave frequencies. Dielectric spectroscopy of tissue. Interaction mechanisms of radio and microwaves with biological tissues. Bioheat equation. Application of microwaves in medical diagnostics. Therapeutic applications of heating effect of radio and microwaves. Shortwave and microwave diathermy (application in rheumatology and sports medicine). Hyperthermia. Radiofrequency and microwave ablation (application in oncology, cardiosurgery and urology).