Introduce students to the basic mechanisms of functioning of various organs and organ systems. Introduction to basic laboratory procedures; students acquire skills in performing laboratory tests. Students acquire knowledge in collecting and preparing the blood and urine, the basic methods of laboratory analysis of blood and urine, which are used in practice (ESR, hematocrit, erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, differential blood count, bleeding time and coagulation, general characteristics and chemical composition of urine). The student should acquire basic knowledge about electrophysiological methods and instrumentation (ECG, EEG, EMNG, EP) and signal evaluation. Students should know the procedures for arterial blood pressure measurement, heart auscultation, lung volumes and capacities.